Where the damage isn’t.

In WWII the military wanted to armor the bombers where the returning planes showed the most bullet holes. Abraham Wald saw the bias — the holes mark where a plane can be hit and still come home. The fatal spots are the ones with no holes; the planes hit there never returned to be counted.

UX runs on the same trap. Metrics show where the system survived contact; the real risk lives in the blind spots, handoffs, and learning loops that fail quietly and return no data. Outcomes improve not by reinforcing what’s most visible, but by protecting what’s invisible until it’s gone.